Preventing Cervical Cancer : Screening, Vaccination and vaccination
Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers, thanks to advancements in early detection and vaccination. Yet, it remains a major health concern worldwide, particularly for women. The good news is that with awareness, regular screenings, and the HPV vaccine, we can significantly reduce the risk of this cancer.
What is Cervical Cancer?
The cancer starts in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower portion of the uterus (womb) that connects to the vagina. It most often develops due to persistent infection with high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is transmitted through sexual contact. Not all HPV infections lead to cervical cancer, but certain types can cause abnormal changes in cervical cells that, over time, may develop into cancer if left untreated.
HPV Vaccination: A Game-Changer in Prevention
The HPV vaccine is a very powerful tool it acts as protective shield and help in fighting against cancer. It protects against the most common high-risk strains of HPV that cause cervical cancer. The vaccine is highly effective when given before any exposure to the virus, making it most beneficial when administered at a younger age.
Who should get the HPV vaccine?
The HPV vaccine is recommended for both young boys and girls, between the ages of 9 and 14. Vaccination in this age group ensures maximum effectiveness, as it is most beneficial before any exposure to HPV. For those aged 15 to 26, the vaccine is still beneficial but may require a catch-up schedule. In some cases, adults up to the age of 45 may also be eligible for vaccination, depending on their health and exposure risk.
How is the HPV vaccine taken?
The vaccine is typically given in a series of two or three doses over a period of 6 months. The two-dose schedule is recommended for those aged 9 to 14, while the three-dose series is advised for those aged 15 and older.
Regular Screenings and Early Detection Saves Lives
While the HPV vaccine plays a critical role in prevention, early detection remains the cornerstone of cervical cancer control. Regular screenings through Pap smears (or Pap tests) and HPV testing are vital for identifying early signs, even before symptoms develop.
Let’s understand about PAP smear and its importance
A Pap smear is a simple test that collects cells from the cervix to look for any abnormal changes. The test can detect precancerous changes, which can be treated before they develop into full-blown cancer. Women should begin having Pap smears at the age of 21 and continue until the age of 65, with intervals determined by their healthcare provider. The frequency of screenings may vary based on age, previous results, and other factors.
HPV Testing: A More Advanced Screening Tool
In some cases, especially for women aged 30 and above, an HPV test may be used in conjunction with a Pap smear. This test checks for the presence of high-risk strains of HPV that are more likely to cause cervical cancer. Women with negative results may only need screening every 5 years, while those with positive results may require additional follow-up.
Symptoms to What to Watch For:
- Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
This may involve bleeding between periods, after sexual intercourse, or after menopause. - Unusual Vaginal Discharge
This discharge may be watery, bloody, or foul-smelling. - Pain During Intercourse
Women can experience pain or discomfort during sexual activity. - Pelvic Pain
Persistent pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic area may be a sign of advanced cancer. - Frequent Urination or Painful Urination
If cancer spreads to surrounding organs, such as the bladder, it can cause urination issues. - Leg Swelling
Swelling or pain in the legs may indicate that cancer has spread to lymph nodes.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention promptly, as they could be indicative of cervical cancer or other health conditions.
Why Early Detection and Prevention Matter
Cervical cancer often progresses slowly, and early detection through regular screenings can catch abnormalities before they develop into cancer. The HPV vaccine is a game-changer in prevention, significantly reducing the risk of the cancer. By getting vaccinated, staying on top of screenings, and seeking prompt treatment if any symptoms arise, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from this preventable cancer.